UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial

Age was a risk factor for being prescribed antacids in both the middle-aged (P = 0.002) and older age group (P = 0.007). Other assessed lifestyle-related factors had no effect on rate of antacid prescription. Hiatal hernia was significantly associated with a higher rate of prescription of antacids in the middle-aged group (P = 0.002). Use of Ca-blockers was significantly associated with rate of prescription of antacids in the older age group (P = 0.013), but not in the middle-aged group (P = 0.099).

In both the middle-aged (55-69 years) and older age group (70-89 years), the average age was greater in the antacid than in the no antacid group (P = 0.005, P = 0.013, respectively). Sex and BMI had no effect on the rate of antacid prescription to patients who had no lesions detected by endoscopy in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Antacid medicines were significantly less frequently prescribed to habitual alcohol drinkers than to non-habitual alcohol drinkers in the older age group (P = 0.011), whereas there was a non-significant tendency for them to be less frequently prescribed to drinkers in the middle-aged group (P = 0.054). Smoking, eating styles, and exercise habits had no influence on prescription of antacid medicines, whereas in the older age group they were less frequently prescribed to patients who ate their evening meal within 2 h of bedtime three times a week (evening meal) than to those who ate their evening meal earlier (P = 0.049). 
Regarding comorbidities, the rate of prescription of antacid medicines was significantly higher in patients with hiatus herniation than in those without it in the middle-aged group (P < 0.001). The prescription rate was higher in patients with hypertension than in those without it in the middle-aged group (P = 0.023), particularly in those taking Ca-blockers (P = 0.045 in the middle-aged group; P = 0.027 in the older age group). Other comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and diabetes mellitus had no influence on the rate of prescription of antacid medications.

Prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, consent to participate in the study is obtained, and then a medical chart study is conducted.

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age, sex, BMI(body mass index), ate breakfast, ate their evening meal within 2 hours of bedtime, habitually drank carbonated drinks, habitually drank coffee, overate, ate a high fat diet, ate quickly, engaged in light exercise including walking activities for more than 1 hour every day, had worked out (heavy exercise) for more than 30 min twice a week for over 1 year, walked fast, was a habitual smoker, habitually drank alcohol, had hypertension, was taking Ca-blockers, had diabetes mellitus, had hypertriglyceridemia, had hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, had hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, had hyperuricemia, had esophageal hiatal hernia